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TIME: Almanac 1995
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1994-05-26
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<text id=94TT0361>
<title>
Apr. 04, 1994: Headache Of State
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Apr. 04, 1994 Deep Water
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
RUSSIA, Page 62
Headache Of State
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Rumors about Boris Yeltsin's health and alcohol problems are
giving the Kremlin a hangover
</p>
<p>By Kevin Fedarko--Reported by David Aikman/Washington and John Kohan/Moscow
</p>
<p> Rumors about Boris Yeltsin's health so alarmed Vladimir Trufanov
that he decided a long-distance checkup was in order. The psychic
healer, whose reputed restorative powers have made him a celebrity
in the central Russian city of Tula, announced that he had "remotely"
scanned the body of the Russian leader and concluded, "There
are no grounds for concern." Trufanov did offer Yeltsin one
piece of advice: It is important for the President to "protect
his aura from energy attacks and other negative influences."
</p>
<p> Yeltsin hardly needed a psychic to tell him that he was under
attack last week. No sooner had the Russian President left Moscow
on another of his notorious unannounced holidays--this time
to the Black Sea resort of Sochi--than rumors filled the capital
that his parlous state of health had inspired a coup plot. The
crisis evaporated when the Kremlin launched a propaganda blitz
to demonstrate that, at least for the moment, Yeltsin was still
in command of his faculties. But the larger question of whether
the Russian leader is in command of the country remains wide
open.
</p>
<p> The latest alarm was set off by a "confidential" document published
in a Moscow paper supposedly describing a plot to depose Yeltsin
by three prominent officials: Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets,
Chief of the General Staff Mikhail Kolesnikov and Moscow Mayor
Yuri Luzhkov. According to the memo, the coup would kick off
in March or April with a television broadcast documenting Yeltsin's
health problems and excessive drinking. The dramatic revelations
would give parliament a pretext to remove the President, replacing
him with Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin until elections
could be held.
</p>
<p> The alleged ringleaders dismissed the scenario as nonsense.
The document was subsequently disavowed by the Moscow paper,
but it had already set off so much speculation about Yeltsin's
hold on power that the Kremlin had to respond. Even Chernomyrdin
got into the act. Breaking off an important meeting with the
head of the International Monetary Fund to negotiate a $1.5
billion loan, he jetted down to Sochi on Monday to join his
boss. That evening Russian television showed the two men strolling
along a promenade. The next day Chernomyrdin dismissed the stories
of Yeltsin's illness as "insulting" and told reporters, "I worked
with him for almost four hours yesterday."
</p>
<p> The damage control succeeded in quelling the immediate ruckus.
But as fast as the Kremlin spin controllers kill one rumor,
another crops up. Lately, the persistence of these stories has
provoked speculation, even among supporters, that perhaps there
is a flicker of truth behind all the supposed disinformation.
</p>
<p> Certainly Yeltsin has had health problems in the past. When
Gorbachev had him ousted as Moscow party boss in 1987, he suffered
something resembling a nervous breakdown. In 1990, when his
aircraft made a bone-rattling landing in Spain, he sustained
a serious back injury, for which he still takes medication.
A host of other ailments, ranging from bad colds to kidney disease,
are regularly said to plague him. But the most widely whispered
diagnosis is cirrhosis of the liver, a condition stemming from
chronic abuse of alcohol.
</p>
<p> Yeltsin has been haunted by stories of excessive alcohol consumption
ever since his 1989 visit to the U.S., when he popped up at
Johns Hopkins University smelling of bourbon and behaving erratically.
Another unsettling incident came in March 1993 when Yeltsin
made an unexpected appearance before the rebellious congress
late one Saturday afternoon. His hair was plastered to his forehead,
his eyes looked glazed, and his speech was filled with long
pauses and slurred words. Those watching assumed that Yeltsin
was drunk.
</p>
<p> All of which raises the question, Is Yeltsin an alcoholic? Officially,
the subject is taboo, and no one close to the President talks
about it. But some Yeltsin watchers claim to see a pattern in
the President's political gaffes--like the recent emotional
outburst when he refused to see visiting former U.S. President
Richard Nixon--that might dovetail with weekend drinking bouts.
Russian journalists claim they have been prevented from covering
the President's return to Moscow from trips because he is too
inebriated to meet the press after a long flight of tippling.
The widespread impression Yeltsin has made on a nation renowned
for its fondness for vodka was perhaps summed up best by his
chief rival, Alexander Rutskoi. Last September, during a speech
denouncing Yeltsin before the national assembly, Rutskoi flicked
his index finger into the side of his neck several times. It
is a gesture recognized even by schoolchildren to indicate an
excessive fondness for the bottle.
</p>
<p> Whether that image is fair or not, there is clearly a physical
change in a politician who cemented his power in 1991 by boldly
scrambling atop a tank outside the besieged White House. These
days Yeltsin appears increasingly lugubrious; the spring is
missing from his step when he shuffles down the long red carpet
at the Kremlin, and there are embarrassing pauses when he answers
off-the-cuff questions. These subtle signs only heighten the
sense, already gaining credence in Moscow from Yeltsin's political
struggles, that the President is slipping.
</p>
<p> Yet it may be premature to start writing the Russian leader's
political obituary, given his remarkable aptitude for recovering
from both political and physical reversals. Anyone who doubts
those abilities need only ask an opponent who knows what it
is like to do battle with Boris Yeltsin and lose: Mikhail Gorbachev.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>